Net-making machine.



G. ZANG.

NET MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..29.1906.

Patented Feb. 8, 1910.

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G. ZANG.

NET MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB..29,1906. v 948,386. Patented Feb. 8, 1910.

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C. ZANG.

NET MAKING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED MAB. 29,1906.

Patented Feb. 8, 1910.

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G. ZAN G.

NET MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION rum) MAB. 29,1906.

Patented Feb. 8, 1910.

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HIIIllllllllllllllllflllfilllllllllIIIIIlllllllllllIllllllllllllllllllllllllIIIIIIIWIII G. ZANG.

NET MAKING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR 29,1906.

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UNED STARS CHARLES ZANG, 0F PARIS, FRANCE.

NET-MAKING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Feb. 8, 1910.

Application filed. March 29, 1906. Serial No. 308,801.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES ZANG, a citizenof the Republic of France,residing at Paris, in France, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Net-Making {Machines, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention relates to improvements in machines of the Jouannin type,and more especially to machines such as form the subject-matter of theUnited States Patent No. 43888. In these machines two series of threadsare used for making knots: threads passing from spools arranged at theback of the machine, and an equal number of threads contained inshuttles arranged in a carriage which moves in front. The knotting ofthe threads of the first series with those of the second, is done bymeans of a bar called the hook bar, which has as many small hooks asthere are threads in each series. The bar is movable in every direction,and the hooks rotate about their axes under the action of a toothed rackengaging with the teeth of pinions formed in one piece with each hook.The hooks first seize the threads of the shuttles, then introduce intothe loops thus formed, the respective threads of the spools, which theysubsequently deposit on the point of the shuttles. The knots arecompleted on the edge of the jaw through which the spool threads pass. Acomb or reed provided with rods or notches serves to guide the threadsof the spools, while .a flying comb provided with teeth insures thetension of the shuttle threads.

One construction of net-making machine according to this invention isillustrated in detail, in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1is a side elevation of the whole machine. Fig. 2 a partial backelevation, Fig. 3 shows on a larger scale one of the shuttles of thesaid machine. Fig. 4 is a sectional plan on the line AA of Fig. 1. Fig.5 shows the improved flying comb of the said machine. Figs. 6 and 7 showin two different positions and on an enlarged scale, the extreme or endhooks of the flying comb. Fig. 8 is a view of a portion of a net as madeby an ordinary J ouannin machine, Figs. 1 8 to 8 illustratediagrammatically the stages by which such net is formed. Fig. 9illustrates a similar portion of net as made by a machine embodying thepresent inven tion, and Figs. 9 to 9 illustrate diagram- In the machinesset forth in the United- States patent hereinbefore referred to thetransverse movement of the hook bar is eflected by means of platesprojecting on two brackets secured to the sides of the machine frame ata suitable distance from the ends of the bar; at each passageof the bar,these projections push it back in one or in the other direction,according to the requirements of the taking of the thread by the hooks.On the other hand, the rotation of the said hooks is produced by meansof a lever acting on the toothed rack mentioned before, which isoperated bya cam secured to the spindle of the large wheel of themachine. It follows therefrom, that, at each revolution, the movement ofthe bar, and the rotation of the hooks take place in an identicalmanner, and in the net thus obtained, the knots are alternately turnedas shown in Fig. 8, and cannot be obtained in a different way. In otherwords, the hooks of the box are always turned toward the right when theyseize the weft or threads of the shuttles, and toward the left when theyengage the warp or spool threads. Each hook takes at each revolution thesame thread of the shuttles, but not the same thread of the spools. Thecomb of the jaw through which pass the spool threads, having areciprocatgg longitudinal movement, under'the action of a two-positionedcam which makes half a revolution to each revolution of the machine, itis either the right hand or the left hand thread that is engaging withthe corresponding hook. According to this inven tion, these conditionsare changed by imparting to the parts contributing to the formation ofthe knots, a movement of their own in a given relation to that of themachine, so as to obtain knots of various shapes, or arranged in variousmanners, more particularly as shown in Fig. 9.

According to the mechanism shown in Figs. 1 and 4, it is the bar or box1, with hooks, which has for its function to regulate the difi'erentstages of the seizing of the threads, the said bar having two movements,one of rotation about itself, and the other of transverse movement,while the hooks 14 carried by the said bar, have a movement of rotationabout themselves. The ends of the bar 1 are supported by the ordinaryoscillating levers of the machine, so as to be able to slide laterallyrelatively to the said levers, under the action of another lever 12pivoted to the corresponding oscillating lever, which lever 12 receivesmovement from a cam 2 secured to a bevel wheel 4 driven by the upperspindle 6 (or by the wheel 7) by means of the spindle 10 and bevelpinions 8, 9. The spindle 10 for each oscillating lever 1O rotates intwo bearings secured to the verticalconnecting rod 12 controlling theoscillating movement of the said lever. The said spindle 10 can slide inthe pinion 9 while rotating with the same. The pinion 9 itself issupported in a bearing depending from a collar of the spindle 6, in suchmanner that the said pinion 9 always remains in mesh with the pinion 11,whatever be the position of the connecting rod and of the correspondingoscillating lever. The rotary movement of the bar 1 about itself isproduced by a pinion 61 operated by a toothed rack 59 on a levercontrolled by a cam fixed on the wheel 20, as in the aforesaid Jouanninmachines set forth in U. S/Patent 43888. At its end opposite the lever12, the bar 1 has longitudinally passing through it the tail of thetooth rack which controls the rotation of the hooks 14, the said toothrack being caused to move longitudinally, independently of the movementof the box, by means of another lever 13, and a cam 8 secured to a bevelwheel 5 receiving its movement, by means similar to the wheel 4, fromthe spindle 6 by the vertical spindle 10, and bevel wheels 8 9. A spring15 arranged in the interior of one of the ends of the bar 1, between thelatter and the corresponding end of the tooth rack, acts simultaneouslyon the bar and on the tooth rack and has the tendency to bring them intotheir initial position and to insure contact of the levers 12 13 withthe cams 2 3. In the example illustrated, in which the cams 2 3 makeonly half a revolution for each complete revolution of the machine, thehooks 14 are driven in a certain direction during the first revolution,and in the opposite direction during the next revolution. Thesedifferent actions take place in the following manner. 1. For the firstseries of knots, that is to say, during the first revolution of themachine, the hooks 14 of the bar 1 take the threads of the shuttles attheir right hand side (Fig. 8 then rotate through three quarters of arevolution from left to right (Fig. 8 in order to form the threads intoloops and come opposite the corresponding threads coming from the spools(Fig. 8). Then they rotate from right to left through a quarter of arevolutlon, and seize the said ceases .9 rotate them throughthree-quarters of,

a' revolution from right to left (Fig. 9 and come opposite the threadsof the spools adjoining those which were seized during the firstrevolution (Fig. 9). Then they turn from left to right through a quarterof a revolution, in order to seize the said threads (Fig. 9 which aredeposited, as before, on the points of the shuttles (Figs.- 9 and 9).These successive and different stages could be eifected, as far as therotation of the hooks 14 and of the box 1 carrying them is concerned, invarious other manners, that is'to say, so as to take the threads of theshuttles or of the spools in other positions than those previouslydescribed. hes the hooks 14, if the cams had certain shapes, could seizethe threads which are at their left hand side during the firstrevolution of the machine, and after having moved laterally to a verysmall extent as, and made half a revolution, seize the right handthreads (Fig. 10) during the second revolution; or they could seize thethreads at their right hand side and, after a sufficient lateralmovement 3 and half a revolution, seize the left hand threads (Fig. 11).The knots would thus be turned in a different manner, or in the samedirection, according to the shape of the cams producing the movement ofthe box with hooks or the rotation of the latter. By changing theproportion between the wheels, the same stages could be reproduced every3, 4, 5, etc. revolutions.

The'fiying comb 17, the movement of which is produced by the connectingrod 31, has for its object to maintain and to guide the threads comingfrom the shuttles 19 during the formation of the loops by the hooks 14and to maintain the said threads slightly stretched, while the carriage18 is returning, and then to allow them to be tied under the comb 16 ofthe jaw 28 with the warp threads.

The comb 16, the so-called jaw comb, is in ordinary machines arranged ata fixed level. As has been stated before, it serves to guide thevertical threads between rods or equidistant grooves, but itsreciprocating transverse movement is required for alternately causingthe threads to be engaged by the hooks. Owing to the above describedmechanism, it is possible to do away with the transverse movement of thecomb 16, as the bar 1 which carries the hooks 14, itself moves. The samemechanism also renders it possible to give the said comb 16 a movementin the vertical direction by means of bell-crank levers 21, andcorresponding cams 22 and to bring it to the lower edge of the jaw 23 atthe moment when the knots are being completed the comb sliding on thejaw which is fixed and constitutes one of the longitudinal bars of theframe of the machine. The vertical threads are thus held exactly attheir respective distances at the critical moment of the work, whichgives a greater regularity to the meshes of the net and insuresengagement of the weft with the flying comb for each new row. The engaement of the threads presents certain di culties at the selvages whennets with small meshes are made. The net being carried away by rolls asit is formed, in the diagonal direction of the meshes constituting theweb, it tends to tighten toward the selvages. But the hooks and theteeth of the comb 16 which seize the threads at the different stages ofthe formation of knots, being arranged at a fixed distance, the resultis frequent misses at the said selvages. These drawbacks are avoided byapplying at each end of the comb 17 a system of movable teeth 24 (Figs.5, 6 and 7) arranged in such manner that their movement at the pointshould be progressive. To that end, the teeth 24 are connected by asmall rod 25 at a gradually greater distance from their center ofoscillation. A helical spring 26 holds them tightened together at themoment when the knots are being completed at the jaw 23, and whenconsequently the meshes of the selvages are closed to the greatestextent, while a small bell crank lever 27 resting against a boss of therod 25, and drawn by a chain 28, moves them apart to the desired extentregulated by the pressure screw 29, at the moment of the engagement ofthe threads by the hooks 14, the threads maintained between the teethbeing also moved apart. Each series of movable teeth 24 is hinged to aplate 30 which can be secured as desired at any point of the comb -l7corresponding to the width of the net that it is desired to produce. Itis possible, moreover, to regulate in an exact manner the distance ofthe said teeth by means of set screws 29, for each size of mesh, whichis of great importance.

It is not less important, both for the regularity of the meshes and forinsuring the engagement of the threads, that thetension of the threadsof the shuttles should be in proportion to that of the spool threads.The tension of the latter can be regulated by means of movable barsarranged at the back of the machine, but the tension of the threads ofthe shuttles can be obtained only in an imperfect manner by winding thethreadsabout a hook terminating the shuttle. The

arrangement shown in Figs. 1 and 3 obviates that drawback. The thread ofthe circular spool 31' contained in the shuttle 19, passes into a groovebetween a series of small pins 32 and a movable part 33 hinged at 34. Tothat part 33 is hinged a bar 35 held in contact with the pins 32 bymeans of a spring 36. This bar 35 is provided with a screw 37 whichenables the pressure of the movable part 33 to be regulated. The latteris cut at its bottom portion to resemble a toothed rack, the teeth orprojections of which pass between the pins 32 and press against thethread. The undulation thus produced, produces a resistance to theadvance of the thread, that is to say a tension which will be thegreater, the more pronounced is the said undulation. This tension will,therefore, depend on the adjustment of the movable part 33.

The various arrangements described, require that the speed of themachine should decrease at certain points at each revolution, namely atthe moment of the engagement of the threads of the shuttles and at themoment of the completion of the knots. This reduction of speed cannot beobtained in a satisfactory manner by the use of a mechanism such as ovaltoothed wheels etc., ordinarily used for obtaining an alternate movementwith quick return, the periods at which the similar, or symmetricallyplaced. The mechanism hereinafter described enables the best efliciencyand the best results to be obtained. It is constituted by two disks 3940 (Figs. 1 and 2). The disk 39 is secured to the driving shaft 41, itsouter face is conical and when it is thrown into gear, it rests againstthe corresponding face of the disk 40 provided with a leather ring 42,the contact of which with the disk 39, under the influence of a spring43, insures the driving. The spindle 44 of the disk 40, rotates in abracket 45 which can move about the spindle-46 of an intermediate inion47 when a lever 48, to which the said bracket is connected by a rod 49,is acting on the said bracket. The same disk 40 is secured to a inion 50which engages with the pinion 4? which, in its turn, engages with awheel 51 secured to an intermediate spindle 52 carrying pinions 53driving the large wheels 20. The lever 48 is provided at the free endwith a roller 54 which is in contact with the periphery of a disk 57provided with projections 55 56. At each passage of the saidprojections, the roller 54 is raised, and the lever 48 lowers thebracket 45 of the disk 40, the center of which goes away from that ofthe driving disk 39. The radius of the circle of contact thus graduallydecreasing, the speed of the disk 40,and consequently, the speed of themachine will likewise decrease. The projections of the disk 57 beingcapable of havsaid slackening has to take place, not being ing anydesired amplitude, and of being arranged at any desired point of thecircumference, it follows that it is possible to reduce the speed of themachine as much as necessary and at the exact moment required by theformation of the knots of the net, and then to return the normal speedin a gradual manner and without shocks, as required by the nature of thework.

It is to be understood that the details of the herein describednet-making machine may be varied without departing from my invention.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentis 1. In a net-making machine, the combination with a main frame, leversoscillating thereon and means for operating the same, of means to knottogether threads to form a net comprising a hook-bar carried by theoscillating levers and movable in every direction, and hooks mounted onthe hookbar, means for moving said hook-bar, cams and bevel gearingadapted to follow the movements of the oscillating levers and to imparttransverse movement to the bar and the hooks thereon independently ofthe other motions of the machine, and means comprising a friction platefor controlling and changing the speed of the cams and bevel gearingwhereby the movements of the latter may be effected at variable anddetermined periods according to the arrangement of the knots to beproduced.

2. In a net-making machine, the combination with a main frame, of meansto knot together threads to form a net comprising a hook-bar movable inevery direction and hooks mounted on the hook-bar, means for moving saidhook bar on the main frame, means for rotating the hooks, a jaw, ajawcomb guiding the vertical threads, and means for vertically movingsaid jaw-comb at the moment of completion of the knots whereby thethreads are maintained upon the edge of the j aw above the warp threads.

3. In a net-making machine, the combination with a main frame, of meansto knot together threads to form a net comprising a hook-bar movable inevery direction and hooks mounted on the hook-bar, means for moving thehook-bar in any direction, means for rotating the hooks, a flying combcooperating with the hooks on the hook-bar in the making of the mesh, aseries of pivoted teeth on the flying comb, said pivoted teeth beingadapted to move apart to distances which increases progressively towardthe end of the comb, means for tying meshes, and means comprising a rod,a spring and a lever for operating said pivoted teeth for the purposespecified.

4. In a net-making machine the combination of a main frame, a hook-barmounted on said main frame said hook-bar being movable in any directionrelatively to the frame, means for moving said hook-bar in anydirection, a series of hooks rotatably mounted on the hook-bar, meansfor rotating the hooks, a flying comb cooperating with the hooks of thehook-bar in the making of the,

mesh, a series of movable teeth on the flying comb said movable teethbeing adapted to move apart the threads engaged by them said movementbeing effected at the moment when the hooks engage the threads, meansfor causing the engagement of said threads, and means for operating saidmovable teeth.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name tothis specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES ZANG.

\Vitnesses HANSON C. COKE, GEORGES BONNEUIT.

